THE LANDSCAPE PAINTERS
Category: Architecture + PaintingAfter Gainsborough and W7ilson there is no lack in landscape painters in England. The Scotchman Nasmyth (1758—1840) and Thomas Barkes of Bath (1769—1847) deserve mention; John Crome, called “Old Crome” (1768—1821) is an artist of quite different calibre. Except for the journey to Paris in 1815, from which he brought back a work of great beauty, the Boulevard des }taliens, he never left his native country of Norfolk. He is the glory of Norwich which on his account gave its name to the School recponsible for a new conception of landscape which was to be, with a few modifications, that of the 19th century, both in England and abroad. [...]
During this time three men working on very diverse lines made themselves felt as far original personalities. Two of them were geniuses. Constable (1776-1837) and Turner (1775-1851) and the third a charming painter and delicious colourist, Bonington (1802—1828), who should have gone very far had he lived.
John Constable was the first English landscape painter’to ask no lessons from the Dutch. His originality does not lie in the choice of subjects, which frequently repeat thenes beloved, by Gainsborough. Nevertheless, Constable seems really to belong to another century; he ushers in a new era and this difference results at once from technique and feeling. Constable is the first landscape painter to consider as a primary and essential task the sketch made direct from nature at a single sitting, an idea which contains in germ a great part of the destinies of modern landscape, and even, perhaps, in a more general way, of modern painting. Working at leisure upon the large canvas the artist’s aim will be to enrich and complete the sketch while retaining its pristine freshness. These are the two processes to which Constable devoted himself, discovering the exuberant abundance of life in the simplest country places where there is a sky across which the white or gray clouds hasten, where trees rustle their innumerable leaves and waters glide between the tall weeds starred with dewdrops and flecks of light; and to express all these primitive and eternal things which enchant him he has a palette of a creative colourist and a technique of vivid hatchings heralding that of the French impressionists.
He audaciously and frankly introduced green into painting, the green of lush meadows, the green of summer foliage, all the greens which, until then, painters had refused to see except through bluish, yellow, or more often brown glasses.
Bonington who spent in France the most part of his too short life painted water-colours which are little masterpieces of brilliance and limpidity and oil-paintings no less attractive. He became a disciple of the budding French romanticism with a grace, fantasy, and freshness of colour all his own, and in some few landscapes, such as Parterre d’eau a Versailles; he shows a breadth of vision and a sureness of touch foreshadowing the greatness he might have achieved had he not died at the age of twenty-six.
The name of Joseph Mallord William Turner 1 is famous above all other landscape painters.
The work of William Blake (1757—1827), poet, draughtsman, engraver and painter is made up of Gothic art, Germanic reverie, the Bible, Milton and Shakespeare, to which were added Dante and a certain taste for linear design. Blake is the most mystic on the English painters.