Schools in Great Britain
Category: Educational SystemState schools are free in Great Britain, and attendance is compulsory. Morning school begins at nine o’clock and lasts for three hours, until twelve o’clock noon. Afternoon school begins at two o’clock and lasts for two and a half hours until half-past four. School is open five days a week. On Saturdays and Sundays there are no lessons. There are holidays at Christmas, Easter, Whitsun, and in the summer.
In a primary school the first lesson of the day is usually Bible study, and the second lesson — arithmetic, both written and mental. The other lessons are: reading, writing, English language, English literature, English history, geography, science, Nature study, drawing, painting, singing, woodwork, and drill (physical training), consisting of Swedish exercises or organized games. Instead of woodwork, the girls’ curriculum includes needlework and cooking.
From the public and private primary schools children may go to the grammar schools, either to one of the great public schools or to a county (or municipal) school. Some famous old public schools, named in alphabetical order, are: Charter-house, Cheltenham, Eton, Harrow, Marlborough, Merchant Taylors’, Rugby, St. Pauls’, Shrewsbury, Wellington, Westminster and Winchester. These public schools have large endowments and like the ancient universities Oxford and Cambridge, they are almost entirely independent. Most of them have two sides: a classical side, specializing in ancient languages, history and philosophy; and a modern side, specializing in modern languages, natural science, and geography. The boys sleep in the school during the term, in houses, each house being governed by a house master. Their time is fully taken up by their lessons and their games. Every public school has extensive playing-fields attached to it.
The fees at these public schools are high, much higher than those at the fee-paying grammar day schools. Moreover, at every State grammar school the places are free to be won by boys and girls at the primary schools. The grammar schools are for boys or for girls, or for both. They are day schools, and the hours of instruction are similar to those at primary schools, but the subjects are wider and more advanced: English (language and literature), mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry), history (English and European), geography, natural science (chemistry and physics), ancient languages (Latin and Greek), modern languages (French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Russian), commercial subjects (typewriting, shorthand, book-keeping, and accounting), art, music, handwork, and physical training.
Grammar schools have six classes called forms. The first form is the lowest class, and the sixth the highest. As a rule, the school is so arranged that each form consists of three parallel classes, the first (Class A) specializing in arts (humanities), the second (Class B) in science, and the third (Class C) in commerce. But there are also special schools for science (technical schools) and for commerce (commercial schools).
When boys and girls reach the age of sixteen years they may sit for the General Certificate of Education, which, as its name implies, shows that the holder has received a general education and has reached certain standards in the various subjects. There are, indeed, three standards of levels: ordinary, advanced and scholarship. In order to gain an entrance to a university, a boy or girl must pass examinations in five subjects of which English and another language must be two and which must include either mathematics or a science. He or she must pass at least two of these five subjects at the advanced level.
(From Everyday English for Foreign Students by S. Potter)