Markets
Category: 14th centuryPeople from the country would come to the town markets to sell their surplus produce and to buy the townsmen’s goods. The town market was held, as a rule, on a certain day of the week. On market-day stalls were put up in the market-place, which was in any open space near the centre of the town.
The king’s permission was needed before a market could be held. The king granted this permission to the town council or to the lord of the manor and the townsmen paid a lot of money to the king for his permission. The market owner took a toll on everything brought in for sale. The stalls in the market-place were rented to the traders. Even a countrywoman, who brought in a basket of butter or cheese to sell had to pay twopence for a place to stand in. Usually all the ordinary shops of the town were closed for market-day and most of their owners would rent a market stall for themselves too. All these tolls and rents were taken on market- days throughout the year.
Before the market opened the quality of the goods and their prices were announced. Then the church bell rang and that was a sign that business might begin. The officials saw to it that all those with something to sell paid a toll on it. Judges sat in a special court all day long ready to hear complaints and settle disputes. These market courts were often called pie-powder courts, a careless English pronunciation of the French words pieds poudreux (dusty feet). The court was so called probably because it was specially held at market-places for the people with “dusty feet”, that is for those who came from long distances and often along very dusty roads. The pie-powder court settled all their disputes without delay which was of great advantage to the busy merchants. Special officials would go round and see that all was well. They tested the measures and weights; in case a merchant or a craftsman was caught giving short measure to customers he was punished on the spot. The important thing was to show up dishonest traders publicly so that people should know them and avoid them.
For example, if a London baker sold a faked loaf of bread, empty inside, he was driven through the city in a cage with a loaf hanging from his neck, so that everyone could see that he had deceived the townspeople. Every market-place had its stocks in which the guilty ones were forced to sit and a pillory in which a man was compelled to stand with jus head and arms fixed, while people threw mud, stale eggs or rotten onions at him. The purpose of these punishments-was to shame the guilty person by making him look ridiculous in the eyes of his friends and neighbours.. But worst of all was the fact that the dishonest trader became a man with a bad reputation and the customers tried to avoid buying goods from him.