English Drama from 1900: General Survey
Category: CultureOur modern English drama is not a mushroom growth, like the cinema. Its roots stretch back into the past, and often the process of its development is plain enough to trace. The play of ideas, for example, with its insistence on intellectual and psychological battles, as opposed to the drama of clashing swords and the cape-and-dagger school, is a legacy bestowed on the English theatre largely by Bernard Shaw, who developed his dramatic doctrine from the Ibsen of Ghosts, Rosmersholm, and Hedda Gabler.
The widespread dramatization of fiction in the twentieth century, however much it may be deplored as evidence of lack of originality, is yet another link with literary tradition. There have been dramas based on the life and work of the Вго^ёэ, such as Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights, on the Brownings (The Barretts ofWimpole Street), on Jane Austen {Pride and Prejudice and Emma), on Mrs GaskelPs Cranford and Trollope’s Barchester Towers, and on Russian novels, such as War and Peace and Crime and Punishment, all testifying to the strong literary interests of the English playgoing public.
None the less the English stage of the twentieth century has produced (on the whole so far) ‘theatrical’ rather than literary’ drama. That is to say that its plays, if we except the work of a handful of great writers, such as Shaw and Eliot, have been composed more for the theatre than for the study. And since, among literary historians, there is always a tendency to consider drama more in terms of its literary accomplishment than of its acting quality, many modern plays are likely to be severely treated by critics of future generations, for their virtues are often not apparent outside the theatre walls. The best drama, indeed, reads as well as it acts. Hamlet certainly does.
Fortunately one of the greater glories of the serious English drama during this century has been its tenacity, its ability to survive in small repertory theatres and converted parish halls, in private groups and diminutive London playhouses, while the West End has been increasingly given over to lavish amusement and after-dinner comedy. On the other hand, it would be pedantic and one-sided to assume, as so many writers on modern drama do, that the real history of modern English theatre progress has been entirely confined to a few houses outside the West End.
To these theatres and groups all honour is due. But there has, notwithstanding, been much courage, vision, unselfishness, fine drama, great acting, beautiful scenic and costume effect, even artistic direction, on the ordinary commercial West End stage since 1900. In the infinite variety of its comedy, tragedy, experimental plays, poetic drama, productions of Shakespeare, Ibsen, and Shaw, in its revival of ballet and extension of its territory, in its often scholarly and beautiful versions of period plays, and even in the riotous magnificence of some of its revues, pantomimes, and musical comedies, surely an abundant dramatic vitality has been shown. Commercialism may have exercised a very strong influence over the London theatre, but it has not extinguished the flame of our drama, and is to be ardently hoped that it never will.
From: Moderns English Drama by E. Reynolds