Farmers and Agriculture
Category: Land + PeopleBy Freda M. Buchanan
Scotland, though modern industry is of immense importance to her, is still, as she has always been, a pastoral country. Agriculture is a basic and flourishing industry and is indeed the largest single one in the country. Wherever farming is possible a busy agricultural life goes on, and even in the immediate neighbourhood of large towns such as Edinburgh and Aberdeen farming activities are in full swing. Farm-houses and farm-buildings dot the landscape, standing in the midst of their fields, mostly in rather solitary positions away from villages, a few trees perhaps sheltering them from wind and weather. Behind or at the side of the house are the steadings, very good to look at when the golden stocks are built and the harvest is safely gathered in. Some of the houses are large; some small. Most have stood on that very spot for many years now and seem as much a part of the landscape as the fields themselves.
There is nothing necessarily symmetrical about these fields. Some may be rectangular, but others are the oddest of shapes, perhaps because they may be bounded by a winding country lane, which from time immemorial has been twisted and turned and as a public right of way must be preserved. Some are divided from each other by wire fences, others by hedges, possibly of hawthorn. These irregular fields and green hedges add to the charm of the country scene.
The farming is of a mixed type. You will see wheat, oats, barley, turnips and potatoes, for the growing of seed potatoes for export is an important branch of Scottish agriculture. Soft fruit grows to perfection. There are delicious raspberries and strawberries, as well as tomatoes. Grass is perhaps the most important single crop, though even today Scotsmen need some persuasion to grow as much as they ought. On its quality depends the well-being of the livestock which helps to maintain the fertility of the fields and from which Scotland derives eighty per cent of her agricultural wealth. Stock, to Scottish farmer, is of major importance.
Sheep in Scotland are more numerous than human beings by about two million. More than half the country consists of rough moor and hillside and most of it is used only for sheep grazing. They can be seen everywhere, on Border hills, on Lowland pasture and high up on the Highland mountains. They stray over the roads and “Unfenced Road — Beware of Sheep” is a roadside sign with which motorists are very familiar.
From Scotland and her People, London, 1961.