Motorways in Great Britain
Category: Land + PeopleBy J. H. Appleton
Improvements in existing roads cannot alone provide Britain with an adequate road-system and several entirely new motorways, from which all other kinds of traffic will be excluded, are being provided. These motorways are intended to connect the great industrial centres of England and Wales by means of a network as economical in mileage as is consistent with traffic requirements. Thus London is being linked with the Bristol area and South Wales by the South Wales Radial Road, and with the Midlands by the London to Birmingham Motorway. But for more distant destinations, in Lancashire and Yorkshire the cost of providing separate motorways direct from London would be prohibitive at present, so the Birmingham route will act as a common trunk as far as Watford Cap or Crick some six miles south-east of Rugby, where the separation of the eastern and western motorways will take place.
Other motorways are envisaged by the Ministry of Transport and the future programme will include an orbital road round the northern side of London. These motorways aim at achieving standards of design which have not previously been reached in this country except in quite short sections of road. A width of 24 feet for each of the two carriage ways has been adopted for general use, but greater widths will be used where the expectation of traffic demands, for instance, 36 feet on the main part of the London to Birmingham Motorway. Intersections with existing roads will be strictly limited. The early plans suggest an average interval of about six miles between road intersections. All other crossings of existing roads will be made by under- or over-bridges. In order to find a route permitting the necessary standards through some of the urban areas, enterprising new techniques of construction will be called for, such as the “double- decker” road near Brentford, where the South Wales Radial is to be carried on viaduct over the present Great West Road. Other proposals at present include the building of a three- mile motorway viaduct over the railway through Smethwick.
The ideology of post-war planning threw up several bridging schemes on the grand scale, and two of these — the Forth and Severn Bridges — are now approaching reality. They will have much in common. Their designs are similar; they are both to be suspension bridges with main spans of almost equal length —3,300 ft for Forth Bridge, 3,240 ft for the Severn. These will be the longest spans outside the United States and are expected to be respectively the fourth and fifth longest in the world.
The Geography of Communications in Great Britain, Oxford University Press, 1962.