THE POPULATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE PRESENT HOUSING CONDITION
Category: Land + PeopleGreat Britain as a whole is a densely populated country; but like all countries it contains areas of very sparse population. Substantially more than half the people of Britain — probably not far short of two-thirds — live in largish towns of 50,000 or more inhabitants or in the suburbs of such towns. Each of our great cities has gathered round it a group of suburbs or satellite towns, either newly built-up areas or old towns and villages which it has sucked into its orbit.
Greater London, the .most swollen of these urban groups, has already well over 8,500,000 inhabitants, nearly one- fifth of the total population, or more than one-fifth, if the circle is widened to include areas which are rapidly becoming suburban. Birmingham, Glasgow,’ Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle- on-Tyne are all centres of urban groups including well over 1,000,000 inhabitants. Sheffield, with the Rotherham area, is not far behind; and Edinburgh and Leeds are also centres for populations of well over half a million. South Lancashire and a large part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Clydeside, the Black County, Tyneside, Teesside, and the Potteries, are all areas of almost continuous urbanisation which have engulfed a number of towns and villages. Lancashire’and Cheshire as a whole have well over 2,000 persons to the square mile, whereas the Scottish Highlands have 46 and Northern and Central Wales 137.
According to the figures based on local government divisions, roughly 80 per cent of the British population is urban and 20 per cent rural.,But these figures are misleading, because the “rural” areas include most of the coal-fields. The real extent of rural population can be measured better from the statistics of occupations to which we shall come later.
Overcrowding is, however, by no means the only serious feature of the present housing situation. In 1933 the Medical Officers of Health in Eng] and and Wales reported upon over half a million houses which had been rendered “fit for habitation” under orders or suggestions made by them. This figure is by no means unusual, it is below the average for recent years. But in spite of the process of patching up unfit houses, there remain many dwellings that fall, from the standpoint of healthiness alone, below any decent standard of habitability.
These houses had — and have, for most of them still exist — no sculleries or storage accommodation or hot-water supply, and no water-closets of their own. It goes without saying that they are entirely innocent of baths.
In all large towns and most small ones and in many rural areas there exist a large number of houses which, at any rate, without thorough reconditioning, are by any reasonable standard unfit for human habitation. It is, however, a sheer impossibility, as matters stand, to demolish most of these insanitary dwellings, for there is nowhere for their present inhabitants to go.
(From The Condition of Britain by G. D. H, and М. I. Cole)