THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Category: Educational SystemIn the course of the last half-century the importance of libraries in the economy of academic institutions has become more and more fully recognized. Universities have no doubt always been proud of their libraries, but in the older days, and perhaps particularly in Scotland, they tended to regard them more from the professional scholar’s point of view than from that of an ordinary undergraduate. For this the lecture system, which flourished so hardily in the Scottish Universities, may have been partly responsible. But with the modern developments of scholarship and science, the inevitable growth of specialisation, and the increasing domination of the book, it became obvious that oral teaching had to be more and more largely supplemented by the printed word and, as a result, the libraries began to be more extensively used. The change of the outlook may be noted in the emphasis repeatedly laid, in recent years, by the University Grants Committee upon the “profound importance of the library in the academic life of the University”.
One of the first results of this wider conception of the functions of a University library has naturally been an endeavour to secure increased accommodation both for books and readers. Here many of the older universities found themselves in something of a dilemma, as their buildings had been planned without sufficient prevision of subsequent needs, and the problem of expansion has often been extremely difficult to solve. It has been so in the Edinburgh University. The Library buildings designed by Adam and Playfair, and finished rather more than a hundred years ago, have always been deservedly admired for the imposing dignity of their architecture and they have also notable merits from the librarian’s point of view; but they could not be extended at either end without encroaching upon other departments of the University, and extension on the west flank had been rendered impossible when the Town Council, in 1854, appropriated the free ground there for civic purposes. So far as its actual premises are concerned, therefore, the demand of the Library in recent times has always been for more space; and, in one way or another, the demand has been or is being successfully met.
The first large scheme proposed for dealing with the problem was to instal steel shelving in place of the heavy, old-fashioned wooden shelves in the lower portion of the Library. As far back as 1899 the Library Committee considered the advantages of the American system of shelving; and a few years later, in 1903, it definitely recommended that the groundfloor of the Library should be refitted according to plans submitted by the Art Metal Company. The recommendation was accepted and the work was carried through in the course of the next year or so. It may be noted that the energetic support given to the scheme by Principal Sir William Turner was largely responsible for its adoption and its rapid execution.
In 1923 a further installation of steel shelving was secured for the Library after the department of Agriculture, which was situated at the western end of the Library buildings, had been removed to its new quarters in George Square, and the space it had hitherto occupied was set free. The lower section of the book-store thus provided is known as the Turner Room, and in it most of the newer accessions are housed.
More recently still, when the Natural History department was about to be removed to The King’s Buildings, it was realised that the premises to be vacated would provide a really adequate extension of the Library; and in 1928 the Library Committee made a strong recommendation to the University Court that all available space should be utilised for that purpose. It was not, however, until a comprehensive scheme for dealing with the problem of accommodation in the Old College was under consideration, a couple of years later, that any definite plans for the extension of the Library could be submitted; indeed the scheme finally approved is only now in the course of execution. It is being carried out in three stages; and it should keep at bay for a very long time to come that fear besetting all anxious-minded librarians that their book- accommodation may run short. The first stage, which was completed in the course of 1932 has, along with other structural changes, converted the old Natural History Museum into a much-needed enlargement of the Students’ Reading-Room.
An important extension of the Library outside the Old College has quite recently been obtained by establishing a Central Medical Library at the New Buildings in Teviot Row. A reading-room for medical students was opened there as far back as the year 1885 and constant and increasing use of it has been made ever since. But for a considerable time the Teaching Staff of the Medical Faculty found themselves handicapped by the want of a central library where the most recent medical literature, and especially the periodicals, might be available for consultation. The creation of such a library became a substantial fact in the end of 1930.
Finally, a word must be said about the numerous departmental and class libraries which have been instituted in the course of the last fifty years. Such libraries are a distinctive feature in the economy of the modern university; for, though they are apt, to make somewhat formidable depredations on the main library, they are obviously indispensable where, as at Edinburgh, a number of departments are situated at a great distance from the central building and from each other. There are between twenty and thirty departmental and class libraries in different parts of the University, some of them very extensive, and others quite modest. The library Committee has always adopted a sympathetic attitude towards them, giving them all the support in its power and allowing them to develop, so far as possible, on their own lines.
(From History of the University of Edinburgh by A. Logan Turner)