THE CITY OF LONDON
Category: Land + PeopleIn physical size and resident population, the City is the smallest city in the United Kingdom, if not in the world. Popularly referred to as “the Square Mile”, it has a total area of 677 acres in the heart of the vast metropolis of London, and a night population of 5,180. But by day it is estimated that some 400,000 people swarm its streets and offices. Boroughs and towns and cities throughout the kingdom have their daily tides of immigrants and emigrants, but nowhere do these tides flow so strongly, nowhere is the contrast between night and day, the disparity between the resident population and the business population so marked as in the City of London.
The reason for this dramatic contrast is to be found in its history, and without an historical background no institution in it be fully understood. But this book is designed as a portrait rather than a history; its purpose is to display a living entity, not a museum piece; a vast market by day, a near solitude by night. A near solitude, for it has a night life of its own. Unsuspected by the casual pedestrian whose footbeats may echo through the silent alleys, there are social activities of many kinds — lectures, concerts, organ recitals, plays, oratorios, banquets at Guildhall, Mansion House, or livery companies’ halls, and friendly gatherings in public houses. The City is a hive of industry, unique in its function, its government, the pattern of its daily life, the part it plays in national and international affairs. It is not an industrial area, but primarily a collection of offices, warehouses and shops centered round the commercial and financial market, linked, to the farthest ends of the earth by cable, wireless and postal communications, by railroad, and above all by the river and port. It is no synthetic product of deliberate planning, but a city which has grown, and in growing preserved an identity of function, for nearly 2,000 years. [...]
The river and its bridges, the streets with their buses and cars, the railways, are essential to the transport of bodies and packages; but the City is also the nerve centre of- the financial market, and the transmission of quick and accurate information is essential to its efficient functioning. It is most difficult for us today to imagine how business could be carried on when market news had to be transmitted over an inadequate road system, or from one port to another by coasting vessels. The first General Post Office was established in the City, and its achievements in 1681 were held up by Delaune as a model of enterprise:
“This Conveyance by Post is done in so short a time by night as well as by day that every 24 hours the Post goes 120 miles, and in five days an Answer of a Letter may be had from a Place 300 miles distant from the writer.”
Today the General Post office is in Newgate Street, leading to the west. And not far away is Faraday Building, which links the globe by telephone, radio and cable. Perhaps it is no accident that the Daily Courant} the first London daily newspaper, was published at a point near Fleet Street, the other great road leading to the west, not far from Stationers’ Hall to the north and The Times Printing Offices at Blackfriars. Fleet Street was once famous for its showmen waxworks, giants, dwarfs, strange animals, panoramas, then popular attractions; today it is synonymous writh the world of English journalism, and has been called the Street of Ink. [...]
All day the streets are full of people, hustling along, mostly on business; but at lunch-time they are thronged. For lunch-time is not only the time when people eat; they shop, and window-shop. Gazing in shop windows, pricing, comparing, is the recreation of a great part of the feminine population — and of the male population too. And Cheapside before it was destroyed by enemy action was one of the great shopping centres. Another area — round by St. Paul’s — miraculously survived; and nowhere at lunch-time one can see agreater congregation of women and girl shoppers and shop-gazers than round the windows of the stores there. Shops for men, too, abound: hosiers, tailors, hatters, sports equipment — a man can be very well’tailored in the City if he knows where to go, and at less cost than in the West End. But apart from such specialities the shops are generally for day-to-day needs, mass supplies for a mass population. Silversmiths are to be found, and booksellers, and art shops. But Cheapside has not for ages been the street of the Goldsmiths, though Goldsmiths’ Hall, that great centre of craftsmanship, lies at the back of it. And you would have difficulty in finding an antiquarian bookshop, though the area round Stationers’ Hall off Ludgate Hill still is a reminder of the time when the Paternoster Row district was associated with bookselling and publishing, and with household linen and ladies’ clothes and accessories. Naturally enough there are no parks — before the war all the open spaces available totalled only 13 acres of the City’s 677 — but there are a number of small spaces, mostly converted graveyards, which offer pleasant oases in spring or summer. Such are Postman’s Park in Aldersgate Street, with its memorials of humble heroes who sacrificed their lives in trying to save the lives of others; the gardens of St. Paul’s Cathedral, the tiny plot behind St. Mary Aldermary, and St. Botolph Bishopsgate with its tennis court. After the war bombed sites offered hospitality to a great number of plants, shrubs, flowers and to bird Шел .and opportunities were taken to make small gardens. One of these still exists, to the north of Goldsmiths’ Hall; and one of the sights of Guildhall before reconstruction started was the neat kitchen and flower garden complete with greenhouse, that flourished on the north-west corner of the site. In the west are the formal gardens of the Temple, and Fountain Court beloved of Charles Lamb and Dickens and many since their days. The worker has, however, not much time and opportunity for recreation, or even to stand and stare, but even in passing his — or her — eye will be caught by the window-boxes which make many offices externally so gay and attractive — an innovation of recent years which a City livery company,/ the Gardeners, has done much to popularize.
Perhaps the most widespread pleasure is the spectacle of the City itself, its people, traffic and places, in people’s eyes, and faces and gait; the charwomen, the bank messengers in their pink frock coats and top hats, the clerks, the brokers and jobbers; the bowler hats and umbrellas, the no-hats, the pony-tails, the urchin cut, the crew cut; the typists going back from morning coffee, the policemen, the serious faces of the postmen, the guards marching to the Bank of England; the never-ending flow and noise of traffic — lorry, bus, car; the barrows of porters at Billingsgate; the vans of Smithfield; the giant cranes, the excavators, the steel scaffolding.
(From The Living City published by the Corporation of London)