THE ACTOR AND THE AUDIENCE
Category: TheatreIt is inevitable, perhaps, that the audience should sometimes communicate to the ac,tor some expression of their feelings, however irrelevant these may be. There are those who think that the advent of the talkies, where the voices are magnified and distorted and where obviously the reactions of the audience cannot affect the actor, has something to do with the insensivity of certain members of the audience in this matter. Personally I do not agree. In my not very long professional career, for what my opinion is worth, I think I have noted a marked increase in the attention and self-control of the audiences. In many cases much of this is due to the increasing prohibition of smoking. It is a simple truth that persistent smokers do not realise how often they cough. The deplorable habit of drinking tea off trays on laps which is so prevalent in English theatres is due, of course, to the fact that so few English theatres have foyers or lounges large enough to accommodate the audience. It was due to a tea drinker that I once lost my temper in the middle of a performance and addressed the audience.
It was during a matinee of A Month in the Country. After a fifteen minute interval during which teas were being served the second act began with a long soliloquy from the heroine after which I had to enter for an impassioned scene between us both. I could hear, as I stood in the wings, the rattle of tea cups and this annoyed me, more particularly as I had recently complained that fifteen minutes was surely long enough for people to drink their tea and the manager had promised to do something about it. As I waited my irritation mounted and I forced myself to remember what Edith Evans had once told me. She recalled how, when they were playing The Way of the World, and the local Hammersmith boys would come and bang on the scene-dock doors out of pure mischief, which used to throw her out of gear, Robert Loraine, seeing her distress, had advised: “If there is a disturbance which you can stop, have it stopped! If you can’t stop it, take no notice!” On this particular poccasion I reminded myself of this and said to myself that I must make my entrance and be especially good and that then the audience would forget about their tea cups.
I entered and, as it happened, the noise of tea cups ceased for several minutes — again, how fatal it is to be pleased with oneself, it is tempting the Gods! — but suddenly a noise which sounded as if at least three trays of tea had been dashed to the ground echoed round the theatre. It is true I was tired, for’I was producting another play while acting in A Month in the Country. But I think now that it was more my vanity which was outraged. I was about to take the heroine, Natalia Petrovna, in my arms when the incident occurred. Instead of doing so I dropped her as suddenly, if more silently, than the tea trays and, turning to the audience, said with the kind of frigid authority of which among actors Mr Noel Coward is alone the master: “When you have all finished your teas, we will go on with the play.” I then took the alarmed and em- barassed Valerie Taylor in my arms and the play continued. The only point of this lamentable anecdote, which I need hardly say repercussed for years and has been magnified out of all proportions, was that it reduced the audience to such a cowed silence that although the play is termed a comedy no one, least of all myself, succeeded in getting another laugh during the act. As my friend Michael Shepley
who was also in the cast said to me afterwards: “I rather admire you for having done that, but having done it, you’ll never want to do it again, will you?” That was a very true and wise remark. Of course much more dreadful things have been said by actors to audiences than on that occasion. There is, I believe, the remark of George Frederick Cooke who, when playing Othello, was hissed by a Liverpool-audience who must have been more versed in nineteenth-century melodrama than in Shakespeare. He stopped his performance and turned on them with fury, saying: “So ye hiss George Frederick Cooke, do ye? Let me tell you that every stone of your damned city was cemented by the blood of a negro.” I would dearly like to have known what was the audience’s reaction to that.
The best of such rebukes was caused by a slip of the tongue, when’ John Philip Kemble, disturbed by a squalling infant, stepped out of his part, advanced to the footlights and said: “Ladies and gentlemen, either the play must stop or that baby cannot go on.”
It is hard to realise that it is only within the last 250 years in our theatre that the audience and the actors have come to any kind of truce. It is not only that we remember from Shakespeare’s time that the groundlings were capable of understanding of nothing but “inexplicable dumb shows and noise”, but that it was not until the reign of Queen Anne, in January 1704, that a decree was passed which prevented the audience actually invading the players. From the Restoration till late in the reign of Queen Anne “politer” folks, as Cibber —or the “quality” as Chesterfield would have called them, had been accustomed to arrogate to themselves the privilege not merely of going behind the scenes but crowding at the wings, and, at last, invading the stage itself, while the play was being acted. “Through this mob,” says Dr. Doran in his Annals of the English Stage, “the players had to elbow their way”; and where all illusion was destroyed, difficult must have been the task, but marvellous the triumph, of those actors who could make grief appear sincere, and humour spontaneous and genuine. This mob was not a civil and attentive crowd, but a collection of impertinent persons, who buzzed and moved about, and changed salutations with the audience or addressed the players — the chief of whom they must often have supremely exasperated. The “decency of clear stage” was one of Cibber’s great objects, and when his importunity and the decree of Queen Anne drove the erratic part of the audience back to their proper position in the house, a change for the better was effected, by which all parties were gainers. This decree was issued in January 1704, and it prohibited “the appearance of any of the public on the stage whatever might be their quality, the wearing of masks in any part of the house, entering the house without previous payment, and the acting of anything on the stage contrary to religion and good manners.”
(From Mask or Face by M. Redgrave)
Madame Ranevsky (Constance Cunnings) and Gayev (Michael Hordern) are obvious to Lopakhin’s (Dennis Quilley, left) proposal to sell their beloved cherry orchard