TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Category: Cinema + TV/RadioIn 1936, the BBC launched the world’s first public television service. By 1958, this service was being transmitted from 20 stations and was available to over 98 per cent of the population.
The BBC television service broadcasts a maximum of 50 hours of programmes a week, with permitted extensions (averaging 10 hours) for outside and other broadcasts of a special character. In the course of a year, the service broadcasts more than 7,000 items on a national network, made up of studio productions, outside broadcasts, films, and relays from the continent of Europe.
BBC studio productions come from the London Television Theatre at Shepherd’s Bush; eight main London studios; and fully equipped regional studios at Manchester, Birmingham, Cardiff, Glasgow, Bristol and Belfast. In addition eight small interview studios (used mainly for short insertions into the news) have been established in London, Scotland, Wales, and in the north, midland and west of England regions. The Television Film Department of the BBC is housed at the Ealing film studios: and Television News and newsreel programmes originate from a specially equipped studio at Alexandra Palace, London. The studios at the Television Centre in London (which has been specifically designed for television purposes) will start coming into use in 1961.
Outside broadcasting (which during the year 1957—58 transmitted nearly 1,000 programmes, providing about 18 per cent of the total BBC television output) covers most parts of the United Kingdom with its mobile units, presenting programmes both of national and of specifically regional interest, and also brings scenest of events in Europe to viewers in the United Kingdom.
The first regular independent television (ITV) service was inaugurated in September 1955, by a programme transmission from the ITA London station at Beaulieu Heights, Croydon. By 1958, programmes were being transmitted for 50 hours a week, with permitted extensions averaging a further 10 hours a week, from 7 stations in all parts of Great Britain, and approximately three-quarters of the total number of homes with television sets were able to receive ITV.
ITV programmes are produced at modern studio centres in London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Cardiff, Southampton and Newcastle. The establishment of these studios is the direct result of the ITA’s policy of encouraging the casting or for transmission to one or more of the other regions through the link system operated by the Authority, which, at the beginning of 1958, consisted of 959 miles of vision links, about 69 per cent of which were two-way circuits.
Generally speaking, both the BBC and the ITV services provide programmes of music, drama, light entertainment, variety, ’ and films. Broadcasts for schools are produced on five days in the week both by the BBC and by Associated-Rediffusion Ltd. under contract with the ITA. Religious broadcasting is also a feature of both services, as are programmes on the arts, children’s and family programmes, interviews with outstanding personalities, investigations into matters of public interest, news reports covering international, national, and local events, and outside broadcasts, mainly of sport.
Advertising is altogether excluded from the television programmes of the BBC, as from their sound programmes. The ITA broadcasts advertisements (on which the programme companies depend for their revenue) subject to the relevant provisions in the Television Act, namely, that there should be no sponsoring of programmes by advertisers, that all advertisements should be clearly distinguishable as such and recognizably separate from the rest of the programme, and that the amount of time given to advertising should not be so great as to detract from the value of the programmes as a medium of entertainment, instruction and information. The ITA has also agreed rules wi?h the Postmaster General about certain classes of broadcasts (including, in particular, religious services) in which advertisements may not be inserted and, on the advice of the Advertising Advisory Committee, has drawn up certain ‘principles for television advertising’ with a view to the exclusion of misleading advertisements from the programmes broadcast by the Authority. The cost of inserting advertisements in the ITA service is borne by the advertisers, who pay the programme companies for advertising time.
(From Britain; an Official Handbook)